Publication

The present study aimed to analyze whether, in order to produce willingness toward giving a speech, consciousness of value is sufficient, or if the incorporation of creative hopelessness prior to consciousness of value is necessary. Undergraduate students with a social anxiety tendency (N＝22) were divided into 3 groups. A comparative study on the effectiveness of the following intervention models was conducted: (a) creative hopelessness and consciousness of value, (b) consciousness of value only, and (c) control. The consciousness of value only group and the control group were not introduced to creative hopelessness and were led to discuss the possibility that avoidance was temporarily effective. Further, when required to give a speech 1 week after the intervention, the creative hopelessness and consciousness of value group and the awareness of value only group were instructed to be conscious of values, whereas the control group was instructed to be conscious of things of no value. The results suggested the possibility that the creative hopelessness and consciousness of value group had a greater increase in their level of positivity toward giving the speech than the control group. Further, the results also suggested the possibility that the creative hopelessness and consciousness of value group had a decreased level of desire to avoid giving the speech, compared to the other 2 groups.